[edit] A
- Ajwain, carom seeds (Trachyspermum ammi) (South Asia, Afghanistan, Iran, Egypt, Eritrea & Ethiopia)
- Akudjura (Solanum centrale) (Australia)
- Alexanders (Smyrnium olusatrum)
- Alfalfa ( Medicago sativa)
- Alkanet (Alkanna tinctoria), for red color
- Alligator pepper, mbongo spice (mbongochobi), hepper pepper (Aframomum danielli, A. citratum, A. exscapum) (West Africa)
- Allspice (Pimenta dioica)
- Angelica (Angelica archangelica)
- Anise (Pimpinella anisum)
- Aniseed myrtle (Syzygium anisatum) (Australia)
- Annatto (Bixa orellana)
- Apple mint (Mentha suaveolens)
- Asafoetida (Ferula assafoetida)
- Asarabacca (Asarum europaeum)
- Avens (Geum urbanum)
- Avocado leaf (Peresea americana)
[edit] B
- Barberry (Berberis vulgaris and other Berberis spp.)
- Basil, sweet (Ocimum basilicum)
- Basil, lemon (Ocimum × citriodorum)
- Basil, Thai (O. basilicum var. thyrsiflora)
- Bay leaf (Laurus nobilis)
- Boldo (Peumus boldus)
- Borage (Borago officinalis)
- Black cardamom (Amomum subulatum, Amomum costatum)
- Black mustard (Brassica nigra)
- Blue fenugreek, blue melilot (Trigonella caerulea)
- Brown mustard (Brassica juncea)
[edit] C
- Calabash nutmeg, ehuru (Monodora myristica) (West Africa)
- Calendula, pot marigold (Calendula officinalis)
- Camphor laurel (Cinnamomum camphora)
- Caraway (Carum carvi)
- Cardamom (Elettaria cardamomum)
- Carob (Ceratonia siliqua)
- Catnip (Nepeta cataria)
- Cassia (Cinnamomum aromaticum)
- Cayenne pepper (Capsicum annuum)
- Celery seed (Apium graveolens)
- Chervil (Anthriscus cerefolium)
- Chicory (Cichorium intybus)
- Chili pepper (Capsicum spp.)
- Chipotle (Capsicum annuum)
- Chives (Allium schoenoprasum)
- Cicely, sweet cicely (Myrrhis odorata)
- Cilantro, coriander greens, coriander herb (Coriandrum sativum)
- Cinnamon, Indonesian (Cinnamomum burmannii, Cassia vera)
- Cinnamon, Saigon or Vietnamese (Cinnamomum loureiroi)
- Cinnamon, true or Ceylon (Cinnamomum verum, C. zeylanicum)
- Cinnamon, white (Canella winterana)
- Cinnamon myrtle (Backhousia myrtifolia) (Australia)
- Clary, Clary sage (Salvia sclarea)
- Clove (Syzygium aromaticum)
- Coriander seed (Coriandrum sativum)
- Costmary (Tanacetum balsamita)
- Cuban oregano (Plectranthus amboinicus)
- Cubeb pepper (Piper cubeba)
- Cudweed (Gnaphalium spp.) (Vietnam)
- Culantro, culangot, long coriander (Eryngium foetidum)
- Cumin (Cuminum cyminum)
- Curry leaf (Murraya koenigii)
- Curry plant (Helichrysum italicum)
[edit] D
[edit] E
- Elderflower (Sambucus spp.)
- Epazote (Dysphania ambrosioides)
[edit] F
- Fennel (Foeniculum vulgare)
- Fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graecum)
- Filé powder, gumbo filé (Sassafras albidum)
- Fingerroot, krachai, temu kuntji (Boesenbergia rotunda)
[edit] G
- Galangal, greater (Alpinia galanga)
- Galangal, lesser (Alpinia officinarum)
- Galingale (Cyperus spp.)
- Garlic chives (Allium tuberosum)
- Garlic (Allium sativum)
- Garlic, elephant (Allium ampeloprasum var. ampeloprasum)
- Ginger (Zingiber officinale)
- Ginger, torch, bunga siantan (Etlingera elatior) (Indonesia)
- Golpar, Persian hogweed (Heracleum persicum) (Iran)
- Grains of paradise (Aframomum melegueta)
- Grains of Selim, Kani pepper (Xylopia aethiopica)
[edit] H
- Hops (Humulus lupulus)
- Horseradish (Armoracia rusticana)
- Houttuynia (Houttuynia cordata) (Vietnam)
- Huacatay, Mexican marigold, mint marigold (Tagetes minuta)
- Hyssop (Hyssopus officinalis)
[edit] I
- Indonesian bay leaf, daun salam (Syzygium polyanthum)
[edit] J
- Jasmine flowers (Jasminum spp.)
- Jimbu (Allium hypsistum) (Nepal)
- Juniper berry (Juniperus communis)
[edit] K
- Kaffir lime leaves, Makrud lime leaves (Citrus hystrix) (Southeast Asia)
- Kala Jeera, black cumin (Bunium persicum) (South Asia)
- Kencur, galangal, kentjur (Kaempferia galanga)
- Keluak, kluwak, kepayang (Pangium edule)
- Kokam seed (Garcinia indica) (Indian confectionery)
- Korarima, Ethiopian cardamom, false cardamom (Aframomum corrorima) (Eritrea)
- Koseret (Lippia adoensis) (Ethiopia)
[edit] L
- Lavender (Lavandula spp.)
- Lemon balm (Melissa officinalis)
- Lemongrass (Cymbopogon citratus, C. flexuosus, and other Cymbopogon spp.)
- Lemon ironbark (Eucalyptus staigeriana) (Australia)
- Lemon myrtle (Backhousia citriodora) (Australia)
- Lemon verbena (Lippia citriodora)
- Lesser calamint (Calamintha nepeta), nipitella, nepitella (Italy)
- Licorice, liquorice (Glycyrrhiza glabra)
- Lime flower, linden flower (Tilia spp.)
- Lovage (Levisticum officinale)
[edit] M
- Mace (Myristica fragrans)
- Mahlab, St. Lucie cherry (Prunus mahaleb)
- Malabathrum, tejpat (Cinnamomum tamala)
- Marjoram (Origanum majorana)
- Marsh mallow (Althaea officinalis)
- Mastic (Pistacia lentiscus)
- Mint (Mentha spp.) 25 species, hundreds of varieties
- Musk mallow, abelmosk (Abelmoschus moschatus)
- Mustard, black, mustard plant, mustard seed (Brassica nigra)
- Mustard, brown, mustard plant, mustard seed (Brassica juncea)
- Mustard, white, mustard plant, mustard seed (Sinapis alba)
[edit] N
- Nasturtium (Tropaeolum majus)
- Nigella, kalonji, black caraway, black onion seed (Nigella sativa)
- Njangsa, djansang (Ricinodendron heudelotii) (West Africa)
- Nutmeg (Myristica fragrans)
[edit] O
- Olida (Eucalyptus olida) (Australia)
- Oregano (Origanum vulgare, O. heracleoticum, and other species)
- Orris root (Iris germanica, I. florentina, I. pallida)
[edit] P
- Pandan flower, kewra (Pandanus odoratissimus)
- Pandan leaf, screwpine (Pandanus amaryllifolius)
- Paprika (Capsicum annuum)
- Paracress (Spilanthes acmella, Soleracea) (Brazil)
- Parsley (Petroselinum crispum)
- Pepper: black, white, and green (Piper nigrum)
- Pepper, Dorrigo (Tasmannia stipitata) (Australia)
- Pepper, long (Piper longum)
- Pepper, mountain, Cornish pepper leaf (Tasmannia lanceolata)
- Peppermint (Mentha piperata)
- Peppermint gum leaf (Eucalyptus dives)
- Perilla, shiso (Perilla spp.)
- Pink pepper (Schinus terebinthifolius)
[edit] Q
- Quassia (Quassia amara) (bitter spice in aperitifs, and some beers and fortified wines)
[edit] R
- Ramsons, wood garlic (Allium ursinum)
- Rice paddy herb (Limnophila aromatica) (Vietnam)
- Rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis)
- Rue (Ruta graveolens)
[edit] S
- Safflower (Carthamus tinctorius), for yellow color
- Saffron (Crocus sativus)(
- Sage (Salvia officinalis)
- Saigon cinnamon (Cinnamomum loureiroi)
- Salad burnet (Sanguisorba minor)
- Salep (Orchis mascula)
- Sassafras (Sassafras albidum)
- Savory, summer (Satureja hortensis)
- Savory, winter (Satureja montana)
- Silphium, silphion, laser, laserpicium, lasarpicium (Ancient Roman cuisine, Ancient Greek cuisine)
- Sorrel (Rumex acetosa)
- Sorrel, French (Rumex scutatus)
- Sorrel, sheep (Rumex acetosella)
- Spearmint (Mentha spicata)
- Spikenard (Nardostachys grandiflora or N. jatamansi)
- Star anise (Illicium verum)
- Stinging nettle (Urtica dioica)
- Sumac (Rhus coriaria)
- Sweet woodruff (Galium odoratum)
- Szechuan pepper, Sichuan pepper (Zanthoxylum piperitum)
[edit] T
- Tarragon (Artemisia dracunculus)
- Thyme (Thymus vulgaris)
- Thyme, lemon (Thymus × citriodorus)
- Turmeric (Curcuma longa)
[edit] V
- Vanilla (Vanilla planifolia)
- Vietnamese balm (Elsholtzia ciliata)
- Vietnamese cinnamon (Cinnamomum loureiroi)
- Vietnamese coriander (Persicaria odorata)
[edit] W
- Wasabi (Wasabia japonica)
- Water-pepper, smartweed (Polygonum hydropiper)
- Watercress (Rorippa nasturtium-aquatica)
- Wattleseed (from about 120 spp. of Australian Acacia)
- White mustard (Sinapis alba)
- Wild betel (Piper sarmentosum) (Southeast Asia)
- Wild thyme (Thymus serpyllum)
- Willow herb (Epilobium parviflorum)
- Winter savory (Satureja montana)
- Wintergreen (Gaultheria procumbens)
- Wood avens, herb bennet (Geum urbanum)
- Woodruff (Galium odoratum)
- Wormwood, absinthe (Artemisia absinthium)
[edit] Y
- Yellow mustard (Brassica hirta = Sinapis alba)
- Yerba buena, any of four different species, many unrelated
